Railway track bond



July 4, 1950 H. H. SEIFERT 2,513,590

RAILWAY TRACK BOND Filed March 8, 1946 2 Shee'ts-Sheet 1 FIG.]..

IN V EN TOR.

His ATTORNEY July 9 H. H. SEIFERT 2,513,590

RAILWAY TRACK BOND Filed March 8, 1946 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 3nnentorPatented July 4, 1950 UNITED 2,513,590

mrmvvmz: TRAGKPBOND" Harry'Hli seiferhTroylNlY; Application- Mmus,1946," Serial No; 652;-970

15.Claims. (01. 238 -14113) This :invention relates :to bonds usedcforelectrically connecting theadjoining rails of arailroad track in formingthe 'trackcircuits-of-a sigrnalling system, and moreparticularly relates'to an improved form of rail head. bond' for usein such signa11ingsystems.

I The track rails of a railroad are mechanically held together at theiradjoining ends by therusual so-called fish plates, but'this mechanical-interconnection is not "suffici'ent to make a good:

electric connection as required intrack circuits.v Thus, it is essentialto provide electriclbondwir esof thigh conductivity between: adjoiningrails, and these 1 bond wires must be firmly attached-'to the respectiverails with clean metallic contact in order to maintain the: resistanceto current fiow between the wheat a minimum. One-general type of bond isknown as themailheadbond, which comprises a suitable" electriccable-having; a terminal attached to'each end. Shallow holes are drilledin the side'of-the rail heads aa :suitable distance from theiradjoiningends "so that the bond terminals can-be driven into these shallow holesto provide a goodzelectrical connectionbetween the two aldjoiningrails.

With the usual construction of railvhead-bonds and the methods ofattaching the same to the rails, it is possible, after av short :timefollow-ingtheir installation, for moisture to creep-imto-the connectionand cause corrosion which eventually results. in such increasedresistance :ofa,i-the-:-con-. ne'ction that there isr a failureof-rtherassociatedtrack circuit including such' bond When this occurs,it is not only difii'cult' and troublesome to locate the. particularbond that is failing since' many times such failure will be of theintermittent character, but under-certain conditions such a failurebecomes a dangerand a hazard to the proper and safe governing offtrain.trafiic;

One object of the presentinventionis to.-pro-- vide a: rail head bondof: an improved-character that will maintain a proper electrical;connection between the two rails which 'it connectsuover a period oftimeby maintaining such. a-tightsmechanical. connection thatrmoisturecannot: creep in and cause corrosionor rusting.

A further object of the invention is tol provide a rail headbond thatwill provide thelmaximum clearance between thebond and..-thetops'of the:

bondw which is mechanically-strongand immune tothe usual displacementsand mechanical strains ordinarily: encountered: with rail head bonds of;the usual type. a

- Other objects, purposes and characteristic features :of-theinvention,will be in, part obvious from :the accompanying drawings; and in :partpointed 'out asthe description of the invention progresses.

int-describing :the' invention in detail, reference will; be made to-theaccompanying-drawings,-in which like reference'. characters designatecor-- responding; parts-throughout the several views, and'in which: V

V, Fig; L-illustrates two adjoiningrails connected by ai-railiv-hea'dbond. constructed' in accordance withlthepresentinvention; I

f Fig. 2 illustrates lthev bond, terminal located. in position ina-suitable recessin-readiness tobe sealediin place; Y

=Fig. 3 illustrates a side view of the i bondterminal' after it has beensealedyin position; I V

Fig.- tillustrates atop viewof the bond terminalaf-terithas-beensealedinzpositien; v I

:Fig. 5-illustrates-as typicalapunch or sealing tool;

Fig. 6 illustrates a top View of an extracting,

tool;

'Fig. 7. illustrates aside view of the extracting tool;

-Fig.. 8- shows asectional! view of the terminal with the: extractingtool in -position as viewed on line 8 8301 2 where the. extractingtoolthas not been: shown;

vFig; 9:-isa-front view of the-terminal having the same structureasshown inFig; Lbu-twith certain dotted-dines'and reference charactersadded thereto..- for: "reference purposes;

Fig.7 '10. is an. enlarged cross-sectional View of the terminal aspshown in Fig.-8-but without the extracting tool in: position and before:the terminalhasbeen expanded by the use ofthe'punch;

' Fig-.= lll is-anenlargedcross sectional viewthe same as shown in Fig.10.--but after the terminal has-.been expanded;

a Fig. 12"isuan enlarged view: of the terminalas shown in Fig; 2; I

Fig. 13 is an enlarged view of the terminaL-as shown in Fig. 3;" and;

'Fig; 14=is an enlargedcrcss sectional view-taken online i k-i Fig.: 12.

With referencedo Fig. 1, it. will be seen that two, adjoining, rails: 2:and" 3 are connected-by the rail head-i :bond; of the present invention;

These rails 2H and r 3 are, orco1;1rse,-inpractice interconnected by asuitable electric cable 5. This cable 5 may be made of any suitable lowre sistance wire, but is preferably made of many strands of lowresistance but high. tensile strength bronze wire forming a ropecable'suitable for high electrical conductivity and also :5;

\ is actually located at the center line of the ter being capable ofwithstanding mechanical flex,-

ing over long periods of time without breaking;

The terminals 4 and 6 are, of course, constructed alike and are shown-inside views Figs. 2-ahd3 and ma top vie'wih Fig.4. "Each terminal is madeof a' suitable non-ferrous metal, such as copper or copper base alloy,which has the proper degree of hardness to give the' desired elasticityto the metal for reasonspresently' to "be explained. This terminalisprovided with a plug portion 1 having straight sides, which plug portionfits, with a very small clearance 'such'asi a thousandth of an inch,into a suitable shallow hole in the rail head; This hole may be of anysuitable size but it-has-been foundpractical to make the hole aboutone-quarter-of an inch deep with a diameter of about three-e'ighths ofan inch. The bottom of the plug portion 1- is shaped to conform with thebase of the drilled-hole in the rail head which has an angle ofapproximately 60 with the axis of the' hole (see Fig.- 2). Thisconstruction permits the terminal to have its plug portion 1 easilyinserted-' irito theholein the rail'-with merelya slight tapfor hammerblow to complete its insertion. Since the plug so nearly conforms to thesize'ofthehole" with only a slight clearancathis operation of inserting'the plug can be performed without the possibility of the plug becomingdistorted or having a metal shaving taken off its diameter. 7 Each bondterminal also includes a hole which has a slighttaper-and is-flat atits-base. This hole extends into the terminal and towards theplug to asuitable depth but well abovethe surface of 'the'rail headeven when theplug'is' fully inserted in its receiving holeasshownfin Fig. 2 butbefore the sealing operation-presently to be described. This hole 8'is,of course} so 'located as to have its center line 'uponthe' axis orcenter line of theplug portion 1, The cross sectional area of the hole8' is a relativelysmall percentage of the total cross sectional area ofthe plug 1, whichlpercentage-may be in the order of twenty-five per-centfor example.

The lower portion of the terminal 4 includes a projection 9 having ahole lll'for receiving one end of the cab1e'5 while the other terminal 6has a similar hole [ii for receiving the otherend of the cable 5. Theseholes Iii are suitably countersunk at both ends for reasons be;presently explained. 1

Each end of the cable 5 has-1 s strands held tightly together by asuitable tool, "and theseveral strands of each end fused togetherT-hese' fused ends of the cable-'5' are then insertedintothe-receivingholes' ll) of their respectivetermin als 4- and- '6- andare mechanically -fa'stened in place within their terminals by the formation' of 'de pressions I l in the terminal projections 9 asindicated in Fig. 1. Once the cables have been mechanically fastened,the ends are then fused or brazed to their respective terminals forminga cone-shaped portion of solid metal where the cable is attached to theterminals since the holes Ill are suitably countersunk.

Thus, it will be apparent that the identations l l act to hold the cable5 securely within the terminals to insure a good mechanical contactbetween the cable and its terminals both for the .purpose of dissipatingheat when the cable is being brazed or welded to its terminals, and also.forthepurpose of protecting the brazed connecis. v

"ih'g'movement of the cable 5. In this connection,

.tion from mechanical vibration during any fiexitwill be noted that thefixed portion of the cable I minal because of the identations I I, sothat upon the occurrence of a flexing movement of the cable acertain'amount'of strand migration may take place even within a portionof the terminal. In other words,fthe'strands are free to move withrespec'tto each other even within the terminals up to the points' H.This permits the strands to start flexing at points 22 (see Fig.1) andpermits their freely flexing at points 23. Since the holes l!) arecountersunk'on the inner sides of the terminals 6 and 6, this flexingmovement of the cable B-can occur without coming in contact with sharp-and'square corners'on the respective terminals 4 and .6. Also, thisorganization allows the fiexing'mov'ementin a manner to have suchfiexin'g distributed over the length of the cable to prevent theconcentration of such movement at any particular points, such as points23.

- After the plug portion of a terminal has been inserted into itsreceiving hole in the rail head, the'punch or sealing tool I6 of Fig. 5is inserted in the hole Band is givenione or more hammer blows asrequired to cause the expansion of the plug portion to completely fillthe hole within the'rail vh'ea'd and also to produce an expansivepressure of several hundreds of pounds. This pressure is exerted in alldirections as indicated by arrows in Fig. 3,.a'nd' the hole 8 even afterthe hammer blows...'have"been applied to the punchdoes not and shouldnot extend below the surface oftherail .hea'd. Thismeans that thepressures 'developedlwithin the plug portion I of the terminal areequally distributed to all portionslof the innersurfacesof the hole inthe rail; :This' is especially essential'at the outer edge onperipheryofthe hole indicated at l3 so that no' crack orsmall fissure will bepresent to allowmo'isture to .enter and cause corrosion of the innersurface of the steel r'ailp'This peripheral expansive pressure would notbe present if the hole 8 were to extend below the surface of the rail.It is also advantageous to have the expansive'pressureof' such a valuethat the elasticity of the plug member will:cause the plug 1 to'completely fill the hole still retaining a substantial value ofexpansive pressure regardless of variationsin the size of the holewithrespect to the plug due to thedifference in the coefiicients ofexpansion-of thel'plug. member and during changes injthe' ambienttemperature. It'is for this reason that it is "desirable to form theterminal of a suitable "metal with a proper degree of hardness to givethe required elasticity. One suitable metal is a cooper alloy includingapproximately five'per cent tin. The presenceof the tin in the alloyincreases its I tensile strength and hardness, which increases theelasticity of the T metal-and acts to maintain the expansive pr'essuresunder varying ambient-temperatures.

' The-presence of substantial expansivepressures against the walls-ofthe hole-in therail at all times also-serves to protect thehole fromcertain mechanical deformations due to the impact receivedby the suddenentrance of a train wheel on-one rail'asit leaves the other rail. Thissudden impa'ct-wouldcause a deformity in the hole receiving the plug,especially at the lip or outer edge of the 'hole, if there wasinsufiicient'support near the'peripheryof the hole. In the-usualbondcommonly-employed, the expansive force at the outer edge'of the hole isinsufiicient to maintain the hole in'its original form during theservice of the railand bond,whereas' the bond of the present inventioneliminates this difficulty by not allowing a protruding lipto be formed.Such-a protruding lip in the usual bondacts to'cut into the terminalplug and createa fissure for the entrance of moisture.

With reference to Fig. 1, it will be seen that each terminal is balancedabout the centerlineor axis of the plug portion; and also, there isequal portionsof the cable 5 on opposite sides of a vertical linepassing through the plug axis. This balance tends to prevent a turningaction as would occur with ordinary'unbalanced bonds, when a railreceives the impact of an entering Wheel.

*As above mentioned, the hole 8 is slightly tapered which permits theentrance of the punch [6 with sufficient clearance to readily allow thepoint of the punch to reach the seat of the hole in readiness for thehammer blows required to expand the plug portion'of the terminal. Inthis connection, it will be seen that since the hole 8 is onlyapproximately twenty-five per cent of the plugarea, any slight deviationin the direction of the punch as it receives its blows will notmaterially affect the expanding action of the plug member.

With reference to Figs. 1 and 2 it will be seen that the terminals l and6 are provided with chamfered edges'as indicated at M so as to preventdragging equipment from readily catching onto the terminals. Sincethehole' It for receiving the cable 5 is in the lower part of theterminalbelow the plug member I, it is possible for the upper portion ofthe terminal to be slanted inwardly towards the top of the rail asviewed in Fig-2, thus further rendering the terminal less susceptible todragging equipment. Also, the cable-5 extends downwardly from the heador surface of the rail and thus avoids dragging equipment.

As above mentioned, the cable 5 is brazed at points l2 after extendingthrough the holes Win the terminals 4 and 6 which forms cone-shapedmetal portions and renders the cable very substantially attached to theterminal since any end-' wisepullon cable must be against the resistanceofthe brazed portions to entering into the holes l0. Also, themechanical denting of the terminal at II tends to hold the cable inplace. This arrangement insures a strong'support for the cable as wellas a positive electrical connection between each strand of the cable 5andits-terminals. Since the points of brazing are on'the outside of theterminals, they may be readily'inspected for any possible defects eitherin manufacture or in service. 7

The inner edges of the terminals are slanted as indicated at 15in Figs.2 and 4' so as to permit the insertion of an extracting tool I! withoutany particular exertion-of force. It will be seen in- Fig.

6. ethat the extracting tool 11 is a" forked member having-wedge-shapedfingers 48- as viewed in 'Fi'g. 7. These wedge-shaped fingers fit onea'ch' side of the' terminal, when an extracting operation is tobeperformed, with the straight'portion of the tool against the rail andthe. inclined-portion against the-inclined surface of the'terminal. Theoperator then proceeds to exert pressure on the endof the tool- I! withthe head of the rail act ing as a fulcrum. With this arrangement, it=isseen that the pressureon the terminal is applied at the points 19 onopposite sides of the terminal forming aline intersecting the axis ofthe plug. This means that the terminal is pulled outwardly in a straightline with the axis of the hole' in the rail, because as the plug isremoved 'and the' extractor begins to be'inclined, the loWer'surf-ace ofthe-fingers Iilwill not come into contact with the lower flat surface ofthe terminaluntilthe plug has actually been removed. In this way theterminal is maintained intact for further service without in any wayharming the attachmentof the cable 5- to the terminal. V

Fig. 8 is a sectional view of the terminal with the extracting tool llhaving its-forked fingers 18 in position. The section is taken on'line8B of'Fig. 2, in whichthere is, of course, no extractor shown.

It will b'enoted that the fingers 18 0f the extractor fit the contour ofthe terminal, and especially the inner-sides of the fingers are roundedto fit thecurved' filletof the terminal. "Thus, as pressure is appliedto the extractor-with the rail acting as a fulcrum forces are applied tothe terminal at points l9-as explained in connection with Fig. {1, butthese forces not only have extracting components (1. eforcesperpendicular to the side of the rail and parallel to the axis of theplug vmaintaining the bond intact noportion is left in the railto'hinder reuse of the hole when the rail is relocated.

As above mentioned, it will be appreciated that when the wheels of anengine or car approach the leaving end of a rail, that end of the raildrops slowly due to the weight imposed upon it. Assuming the fish platesbetween adjoining rails to be slightly loose, which often occurs inpractice, the entrance of thewh'eels onto the end of the other railcauses it to be thrust suddenly downward by the impact received from theentering wheels. With reference to Fig. 1, and assuming rail 2 to be theleaving rail and rail 3 to be the entering rail, this sudden impact uponthe entering rail gives aturning moment to the respective terminalsthrough the pressures produced on the connecting cable which tends tocause both terminals 4 and etc be turned in a clockwise direction. Itshould alsobe observed that this sudden impact upon the entering railand its rapid movementdovvnward is also accompanied by the sudmentofthe-plug portion 1 is represented-by the at a, minimum by the locationof the cable re-- ceiving hole, 10 beneath the plug portion. For thisreason, the sudden impact and turning moment applied to the terminals issuccessfully withstood by the bond organization of the presentinvention.This is especially true since the resistance-to turning is increased byreason of the increased compressive pressures within the plug portionsof the terminals and also becausethe ratio of the turning moment on theterminals is kept ata minimum.

In-addition to the above reasons, it will be seen that the location ofthe connection of thecable beneath the terminals provides for a maximumlength of cable for flexing movement assuming any given distance betweenthe receiving holes for, the plugs of the respective terminals 4 and 6of Fig. 1. In actual practice, this distance is ordinarily about fourinches and a suitable amount of slack in the cable is provided to pre-,venta pulling action on the cable due to the contraction and expansionof the rails and any relative motion between the rails due to looseplates. This increase in the eifective length of the cable gives greaterflexibility and reduces the forces due to wheel impact and relativemovement of the rails. Thus, all factors considered, the bond of thepresent invention successfully opposes any turning action and therebyeliminates any resulting pull on the cable. It will also be noted fromFig. 9 as well as from Fig. 2, that the center line of the cable 5 atits ends.

falls approximately on the circumference of the plug members of therespective terminals. Thus, any pulling action on the cable which mayoccur has a minimum of turning moment on the two terminals and issuccessfully opposed not.

only by the mechanical holding of dents II but also by thecone-shapedfused portion of metal at the ends of the cable.

For the convenience of those who wish to consider the exact form of theterminal oithe present invention, enlarged views of the terminal asshown in Figs. 2, 3 and 8 have been shown in Figs. 10, l1, 12, 13 and14.. The same reference characters are of course used in these figures.

Since these enlarged figures are merely a reproshown as if the terminalwere complete and the: rail were cross-sectioned at the centerline ofthe hole receiving the terminal plug. This is en: tirely proper sincethe terminal is not expanded in these figures. On the other hand, Figs.3 and 13 do not show the rail cross-sectioned because the terminal plugis shown expanded and such' expansion resultingin trapped pressureswithin the plug requires complete confinement of'the expanded portion ofthe terminal plug.

Fig. 14 is a cross sectional view taken on linelii4 of Fig. 12 for thepurpose of illustratingv the indentation l l and its action to hold thecable 5 securely within the terminal to insure a good mechanical contactbetween the cable and its terminal both for the purpose of dissipatingheat when the cable is'being brazed or welded to its terminal and alsofor the purpose of protecting the brazed connection from the mechanicalvibration during any flexing movement of the cable 5. This enlargedfigure will make more clear the feature described above wherein thestrands of the cable 5 are free to move with respect to each other evenwithinthe terminal up to the point II for reasons previously describedin detail.

Having described a rail head bond as one, specific embodiment of thepresent invention, it is desired to be understood that this form isselected to facilitate in the disclosure of the invention rather than tolimit the number of forms which it may assume; and, it is furtherto beunderstood that various modifications, adaptations, and alterations maybe applied to the specific form shown to meet the requirements ofpractice, without in any manner departing from the spirit or scope ofthe present inventionexcept as limited by the appending claims.

What I claim is:

1. In an electrical bond for connecting adjoinend, each terminal havinga solid plug integral therewith and adapted to fit into a-receiving holein a track rail,'the terminal having a recess extending through it andpartially into the plug, said recess being of relativelysmallcross-sectional area and in line with the axis of the plug but of adepth insufficient to enter any portion of the plug that is received bythe hole in the rail, whereby the insertion of a flat-faced punch intosaid recess and the imparting of hammer blows to said punch effects theexpansion of the plug in all directions within said hole to completelyfill its receiving hole in the rail without the recess being extendedsufliciently to entersaid plug below the surface of the rail. I i

r 2. In an electrical bond for connecting two adjoining track rails,each having -a;receivinghole near its end, two terminals, each having anintegral solid plug located in the receiving hole of its respectiverail, and expanded therein by an impact against a flat-faced sealingpunch producing an indentation in said terminal slightly entering saidplug to cause its expansion by the flow of metal within the confines ofthe, receiving hole in the rail, the lower portion ofeach terminalhaving a cablereceiving extension with its horizontal length equallybalanced on opposite sides of the plug axis, and a flexible cableextending between said terminals with a hole near its end, twoterminals, one for each rail, and each having an integral-solid; plug'10- cated in the receiving hole of its respective rail, and expandedtherein by an impact against a flat-faced sealing punch producing anindentation in said terminal slightly entering said plug whereby toplace said plug under a substantial expansive pressure, a portion ofeach terminal extending downwardly from said plug and; equallypositioned on opposite sides of the plug for allowing a fiat-faced punchto be positioned in line with the axis ofsaid plug whereby one or morehammer blows onsaid punch serves to shear small portions, of saidterminal to expand said plug inside its hole in the rail withoutextending said recess into such hole.

11. In a rail headbond, a terminal adapted'to be attached to a rail headand having a connectionto a multiple strand; cable comprising anenlarged portion'of said" terminal extending to one side thereof andhaving a cylindrical hole passing there-through, a multiple strand cablehaving one end passed through said hole, said oneend of the cable beingbrazed to the side of l flexing of the cable immediately adjacent itsanchorage within said cylindrical hole although a limited strandmigration is permitted.

' '12. In a rail head bond, a terminal having an enlarged portion, acylindrical hole passing "through said enlarged portion of saidterminal,

a multiple stranded cable passing through said cylindrical hole, anindentationof said enlarged portion at a mid-point along thelongitudinal length of said cylindrical hole for mechanically anchoringsaid cable within said terminal, and means located to one side of saidmechanical anchorage for electrically connecting said cable to saidterminal, whereby lateral flexingexcur- 3 sions of the free portion ofsaid cable on the other side of said mechanical anchorage results in a"limited longitudinal migration of the strands of said cable within saidcylindrical hole without any substantial lateral flexing adjacent saidmechanical anchorage.

13. In a rail head bond, a terminal having a solid plug of relativelyhigh tensile strength nonferrous metal adapted to fit into a hole withina rail, said role being of a depth less than the length of said plug, arecess in the face of saidterminal in line with the axis of said plugand of a depth insuflicient to enter any portion of said plug receivedby the hole in the rail, said recess having I a relatively smallcross-sectional area compared to the cross-sectional area of said plug,whereby the insertion of a flat-faced punch against the bottom of saidrecess with several hammer blows internally shears small portions ofsaid terminal to effect the expansion of said plug within theholebeginning at its base to completely fill said is sealed without anysubstantial expansionof that'portion of said plug outside of said holeand with "said recess still of a depth insuflicient to enter thatportion of said plug which is inside of said hole, a portion of saidterminal extending below the circumference of said plug and on itsopposite sides, said portion having a horizontal cylindricalholepassingthrough it, a cable having' one end'passed through saidcylindrical hole and electrically attached to one side of said portion,and an indentation at a mid-point of said portion to constrict saidcylindrical hole to constitute a mechanical anchorage for said cable,whereby movement of the free portion of said cable relative to saidterminal is ineifective to cause any substantial flexing of said cableadjacent its anchorage and is also ineffective to cause any turningaction of said plug on its axis because the high expansive pressurebetween said plug and the rail head is capable of resisting the turningmoments of force since they are reduced toa minimum by reason of theextendingfportion of said terminal being located on opposite sides ofsaid plug.

15. In a bond for electrically connecting two adjoining rail ends, ahole in the head of each rail near its end, two terminals, one for eachrail, and each terminal having an integral solid plug adapted to fitinto the hole of its associated rail and be expanded therein by thedriving of afiatfaced punch on the axis of said plug to shear anindentation Without entering said plug below the surface of the rail, anenlarged portion of each terminal extending below the circumference ofsaid plug and having a horizontal cylindrical hole passing through suchportion, a length of cable extending between said two terminals andhaving each end being passed through thecylindrical hole in the rail andcreate a-continuing expansive pressure against the side walls of saidhole in the rail without any substantial expansion of that portion ofsaid plug outside of said hole and with the base of said recess in saidterminal still being above the surface of the rail.

14. In a rail head bond, a terminal having an integral solid plugadapted to fit into a hole within a rail, said hole being of a depthless than the length of said plu to thereby provide a small spacebetween said terminal and the surface of j the rail, a recess insaidterminal in axial alignment with said plug of a depth insufiicientto enhole of the corresponding terminal and brased to the terminal, andeach terminal having an indentation of said enlarged portion at anintermediate point along the length of said cylindrical hole to.constrict the sides of such hole against said cable to provide amechanical anchorage for said cable within the hole, whereby anytransverse relative motion between said rails causes flexing of the freeportion of said cable without causing flexing adjacent its points ofanchorage in said terminals and causes a minimum of turning force onsaid terminals which iseifectively resisted by the two terminals byreason of the high expansive pressures of their respective plugs againstthe walls of the holes in said rails.

' HARRY H. SEIFERT. 1

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 900,488 Daniels et al Oct. 6,1908 1,297,383 Mead Mar. 18, 1919 1;646,917 Larson Oct. 25, 19272,074,379 Everett Mar. 23, 1937 2,129,493 Deems Sept. 6, 1938 2,172,278Febrey Sept. 5, 1939 2,330,483 Febrey Sept. 28, 1943

